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【Objective】 To explore the role of environmental enrichment (EE) in paternal stress-induced anxiety and depression-like behaviors in offspring and its potential mechanisms. 【Methods】 Male C57BL/6 mice (F0) were treated with unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) and subsequently mated with normal females to obtain F1 offspring mice. The standard environment (SE) and enriched environment (EE) were administered to F1-UCMS offspring mice during their early life (3-5 weeks of age). Anxiety-like behaviors were detected by open field test (OFT) and elevated plus-maze test (EPM); depression-like behaviors were detected via forced swimming test (FST) and sucrose preference test (SPT) at the age of 8 weeks. The expressions of LIM and SH3 domain protein 1 (LASP1) in the hippocampus of adult F1 offspring mice were detected by Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. 【Results】 Compared to F1 offspring of normal paternal (F1-Nor), F1 offspring mice of the stressed paternal (F1-UCMS) showed significantly anxiety-like behavior with reduced percentage of time spent in the central region of OFT and in the open arm of EPM (P<0.05); mice from the F1-UCMS group showed a significantly increased percentage of immobility in FST and a reduced percentage of sugar consumption in SPT (P<0.01), which demonstrated significant depression-like behaviors. Compared to the SE group, mice in the EE group had an increased percentage of time spent in the central region of the OFT [males: (7.44±0.75)% vs. (14.93±1.74)%, P<0.01; females: (8.89±1.06)% vs. (15.10±1.82)%, P<0.05] and an increased percentage of time in the open arm of EPM [males: (8.09±1.05)% vs. (14.15±1.88)%, P<0.05; females: (9.13±1.14)% vs. (14.04±1.37)%, P<0.05]. This indicated that EE ameliorated anxiety-like behavior in F1-UCMS mice with paternal stress. Compared to the SE group, mice in the EE group had an decreased percentage of immobility in FST [males: (58.63±4.51)% vs. (42.15±3.81)%, P<0.05; females: (57.96±4.19)% vs. (43.25±4.22)%, P<0.05] and an increased percentage of sugar consumption in SPT [males: (50.38±3.47)% vs. (70.39±3.12)%, P<0.01; females: (52.42±2.84)% vs. (69.99±3.55)%, P<0.01]. This indicated that EE ameliorated depression-like behavior in F1-UCMS mice with paternal stress. Hippocampal LASP1 expression was reduced in SE group compared to F1-Nor group (males: P<0.01; females: P<0.05), while LASP1 was increased in EE group compared to SE group (P<0.05) detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. 【Conclusion】 EE ameliorates paternal stress-induced anxiety and depression-like behaviors in F1-UCMS mice, and the mechanism may be associated with increased hippocampal LASP1 expression in F1-UCMS mice.
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Objective@#To explore the relative effects of various forms of childhood maltreatment on adolescent anxiety and depression and to explore possible sex difference.@*Methods@#By using convenient sampling method, 6 228 middle school students were selected from 2 middle schools in Chongqing. Self reported questionnaires were used to collect demographic characteristics, childhood maltreatment experiences, anxiety and depression symptoms. The relative weights analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between childhood maltreatment forms and adolescent anxiety and depression and possible sex differences.@*Results@#The prevalence of physical neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, emotional neglect and sexual abuse was 28.2%, 23.7%, 16.0 %, 12.4% and 10.3%, respectively. Among them, emotional abuse had the greatest impact on anxiety and depression ( R 2= 0.12 /0.15), followed by emotional neglect( R 2=0.08/0.11), physical abuse ( R 2=0.02/0.03), sexual abuse ( R 2=0.02/0.01) and physical neglect ( R 2=0.01/0.01). Compared with boys ( R 2=0.09/0.12, R 2=0.06/0.09), emotional abuse ( R 2=0.13/0.16) and emotional neglect ( R 2=0.10/0.13) had greater impacts on anxiety and depression among girls.@*Conclusion@#Psychological maltreatment (including emotional abuse and emotional neglect) in childhood has the greatest influence on anxiety and depression, especially for girls.
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OBJECTIVE： To establish GC-MS method for the content determination of three toxic impurities in glycerophosphorylcholine raw materials ，such as epichlorohydrin ，glycidyl，3-chloro-1，2-propanediol. METHODS ：Four batches of glycerophosphorylcholine raw materials were used as test samples. The determination was performed on ZB-WAXplus TM column， and the injector temperature was 200 ℃；the sample injection adopted splitless injection mode ，using helium （He）as carrier gas ， in constant current mode ；the temperature program for the column was initially heating at 30 ℃ for 1 min，rising to 220 ℃ at a speed of 30 ℃/min then remaining 5 min. The ion source was electrospray ion source （EI），the ion source temperature was 200 ℃，and the ionization energy was 70 eV；transmission interface temperature was 250 ℃，and mass spectrum monitoring mode was selected ion （SIM）. Detection ions were epichlorhydrin [mass charge ratio （m/z）49，57，62]，glycidyl（m/z 31，43，44）， 3-chloro-1，2-propanediol（m/z 44，61，79）. The solvent delay time was 3 min. RESULTS ：The linear range of epichlorhydrin ， glycidyl and 3-chloro-1，2-propanediol were 29.86-746.48，172.91-922.18，21.18-211.85 ng/mL，respectively（all r＞0.999 0）. The detection limits were 19.91，115.27，10.59 ng/mL，respectively. The limits of quantitation were 29.86，172.91，21.18 ng/mL， respectively. RSDs of precision （n＝6），reproducibility （n＝6） and stability （placed at room temperature for 12 h，n＝8） tests were all lower than 10％. The average recoveries were 93.88％，91.45％，91.86％，and RSDs were 5.10％，3.10％，2.49％ （n＝9），respectively. In the 4 batches of glycerophosphorylcholine raw materials ，three toxic impurities were all not detected. CONCLUSIONS：Established GC-MS method is simple ，efficient，accurate and repeatable ，and it can be used to determine the contents of three toxic impurities in glycerophosphorylcholine raw materials ，such as epichlorohydrin ，glycidyl，3-chloro-1， 2-propanediol.
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Higher alcohols that contain more than two carbon atoms have better fuel properties than ethanol, making them important supplements and alternatives to fossil fuels. Using microbes to produce higher alcohols from renewable biomass can alleviate the current energy and environmental crises, and has become a major future direction for green biomanufacturing. Since natural microbes can only produce a few higher alcohols in small amounts, it is necessary to reconstruct the synthetic pathways for higher alcohols in model industrial strains through metabolic engineering and synthetic biology to overcome the metabolic bottlenecks. A series of milestones have been accomplished in past decades. The authors of this review have witnessed the entire journey of this field from its first success to the leaping development. On the 30th anniversary of the founding of the discipline of metabolic engineering, this review dates back to the great milestones in achieving heterologous production of higher alcohols in non-native strains. The design and optimization of high alcohol biosynthetic pathways, the expansion of feedstock, the engineering of host strains and the industrialization process are summarized. This review aims to draw further attention to microbial synthesis of higher alcohols, inspire the development of novel techniques and strategies of metabolic engineering, and promote the innovation and upgrade of China's biofuel industry.
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Alcohols , Biofuels , Biosynthetic Pathways , Ethanol , Metabolic Engineering , Synthetic BiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE： To establish the method for simultaneous determination of 69 kinds of pesticide residues in Paeonia tactilora， Astragalus membranaceus， Ranunculus ternatus and Cornus officinalis. METHODS： GC-MS/MS method was adopted. The determination was performed on HP-5MS fused silica capillary column with splitless injecting samples. The injector temperature was set at 240 ℃， and sample size was 1 μL. The carrier gas was high-purity helium， the inlet mode was constant pressure， the pre-column pressure was 146 kPa， and the temperature was programmed. Triple four-pole tandem mass spectrometry was used for the detection， and electron impact ion source was used as ion source. The temperature of the ion source was 230 ℃， ionization energy was 70 eV， and the collision gas was nitrogen. The inlet temperature was 280 ℃ and four-pole temperature was 150 ℃， mass spectrometry monitoring mode was multi-reaction monitoring （MRM）， and solvent delay time was 5 min. RESULTS： The linear range of 69 kinds of pesticide residue was 4.82-399.6 ng/mL （all r＞0.990）. LODs were all in the range of 0.001 7-0.013 3 mg/kg， and LOQs were all in the range of 0.000 5-0.004 mg/kg. RSDs of precision and stability tests were less than 10％ （n＝6）. RSD of reproducibility test was lower than 5％ （n＝6， only pesticide amidine and permethrin were detected）. The recoveries were in the range of 62.9％-123.5％ （all RSD＜10％， n＝6）. Among 12 batches of samples， dichlorvos and diphenylamine were detected in C. officinalis； chlordimeform and permethrin were detected in A. membranaceus； diphenylamine and chlordimeform were detected in P. tactilora； diphenylamine and vinclozolin were detected in R. ternatus. CONCLUSIONS： The method is simple in operation and reproducible for simultaneous determination of 69 kinds of pesticide residue in P. tactilora， A. membranaceus， R. ternatus and C. officinalis.
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OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for simultaneous determination of impurity E， impurity Ⅰ and impurity Ⅳ in crude drug and preparation of esomeprazole sodium. METHODS： LC-MS/MS method was adopted. The separation was performed on Agela VenusiL MP C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The column temperature was 35 ℃， and the sample size was 1 μL； analytes were analyzed by electro-spray ionization （ESI） in the multiple reaction monitoring mode， negative ion. The precursors of production transitions m/z 360.1→194.0 （impurity E）， m/z 375.8→210.7 （impurity Ⅰ）， m/z 330.2→312.1 （impurity Ⅳ） were used to measure impurity. RESULTS： The linear range of impurity E， impurity Ⅰ and impurity Ⅳ were 0.001 26-0.044 80 μg/mL （r＝0.994 7）， 0.001 34-0.045 2 μg/mL （r＝0.992 8） and 0.018 9-1.260 00 μg/mL （r＝0.991 4）. The limit of quantitation were 0.001 26， 0.001 34， 0.018 9 μg/mL； the detection limits were 0.000 41， 0.000 44， 0.006 3 μg/mL. RSDs of precision and reproducibility tests were all lower than 4％； RSDs of stability tests of impurity E and impurity Ⅰ were all lower than 10％（n＝5）， and that of impurity Ⅳ was higher than 15％ （n＝7）. The average recoveries were 87.69％-100.72％ （RSD＝4.29％， n＝9）， 90.04％-100.63％（RSD＝3.67％，n＝9）and 93.58％-101.86％（RSD＝2.66％，n＝9）. CONCLUSIONS： The method is accurate， rapid， sensitive， selective and suitable for the content determination of 3 impurities in crude drug and preparation of esomeprazole sodium.
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Objective To optimize the clinical managements of primary fetal hydrothorax(PFHT) fetus by comparing the perinatal survival rate of different prenatal treatments.Methods Totally 13 fetuses diagnosed with PFHT from July 2009 to December 2015 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University were collected and received prenatal expectant treatment, thoracocentesis (TC), and thoraco-amniotic shunting (TAS), respectively. The perinatal survival rate was compared among the three treatments. Results Among 13 fetuses of PFHT,pleural effusion was absorbed or remained stable in 2(2/13)cases,and progressed in 11(11/13) cases. Six cases received expectant treatment (2 cases had termination of pregnancy due to progressing effusion, 2 cases had term delivery, and 2 cases had intrauterine death); the perinatal survival rate was 2/6. Six cases received TC (2 cases had term delivery, 2 cases had preterm delivery,and 2 cases had termination of pregnancy due to progressing effusion),the perinatal survival rate was 4/6.One case received TC+TAS(term delivery),the perinatal survival rate was 1/1.The overall perinatal survival rate of prenatal intrauterine intervention was 5/7. Conclusions The clinical process of PFHT is changeable, and the pleural effusion will progress with gestational age. Intrauterine interventions could improve the perinatal survival rate.
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Through the questionnaire survey on the current situation of human research ethical management in Beijing medical and health institutions, this paper analyzed the problems existing in ethical management of Beijing medical and health institutions and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. The results showed that overall status of human research ethical management in Beijing medical and health institutions was satisfying. But the ethical management levels of different types of medical and health institutions were quite different, and medical and health institutions, health family planning administration departments and academic teams should all make corresponding contributions.
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Objective To trace human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)labelled by USPIO-PLL which were transplanted into mouse subcutaneous xenotransplanted lung cancer by using 3.0T MR,to investigate the relationship between MSCs and VEGF expression and tumor angiogenesis by using SABC immunohistochemical method and to comprehensively analyze the effect of MSCs transplantation on lung cancer.Methods Cultured MSCs and poly lysine (PLL)was as a transfection agent which was magnetically labeled by USPIO and implanted into mice with subcutaneous xenotransplanted lung cancer through the tail vein.MRI was performed at pre-transplantation, 1 d and 10 d after transplantation and the tissues were performed by immunohistochemistry respectively.Results (1)MSCs could reach the tumor area at the first day after the transplantation and be monitored by MRI.MSCs increased at the 10th day.MRI signal intensity was reducedand the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).The inhibitory rate of the 1st day and 10th day was positive;(2)At the 10th day after the transplantation,the rate of the VEGF positive expression in MSCs group was 86.67％,the value of MVD was 44 .22 ± 12 .36 ,and the rate of the VEGF positive expression in NS group was 26 .67 ％ ,the value of MVD was 20 .29 ±8.47 (P <0.05).Conclusion Tracing stem cell transplantation in vivo can be proceeded effectively by using 3.0T MR.Stem cell has bidirectional effect on lung cancer which inhibites the tumor growth by directional chemotaxis and differentiation,and also enhances expression of VEGF and angiogenesis at a certain extent.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between lean mass and bone mineral content (BMC)and bone mineral density(BMD)in normal and increased BMI overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Seventy-two patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nantong from June 2014 to August 2016 were selected in this study.According to body mass index (BMI),the patients were divided into the normal group(BMI<24 kg/m2)and the obese diabetic group(BMI=24 kg/m2).The systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),body mass index(BMI),waist circumference(WC),fasting blood glucose(FBG),glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1c),blood lipids(TC,TG, HDL-C,LDL-C),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),creatinine(Cre),calcium(Ca),phosphorus(P)and serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D(25OHD)were measured.The bone mineral density(BMD),bone mineral content (BMC),body fat percentage(BF%),lean body mass(LBM),fat mass(FM),and the ratio of male fat to female fat(A/G)were measured by dual energy X-ray(DXA).The above indicators were statistically analyzed.Results 25OHD in the obese diabetic group was(17.1+ 12.6)μg/L,lower than that in the normal diabetic group((23.8±8.2)μg/L)(P<0.05),but BMI,WC,BMD,BMC,%BF,FM in the obese diabetic group(BMI:(27.8±2.1)kg/m2,WC:(96.8±7.9)cm,BMD:(1.12±0.14)g/cm2,BMC:(2.47±0.38) kg,fat and fat percentage:(1.18±0.23))were higher than those in the normal group(BMI:(22.3±1.7)kg/m2,WC:(84.5 + 7.9)cm,BMD:(0.93 ± 0.13)g/cm2,BMC:(2.02 ± 0.28)kg,fat and fat percentage:(2.02±0.28))(P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between LBM and BMC in different parts of the body(R=0.37,0.37,0.35,0.43,P<0.05,P<0.001).The ratio of BMI and A/G was also positively correlated with BMC and BMD(r=0.38,0.31,0.28,0.33,0.27,0.25,0.23,0.37,P<0.05,P<0.001).There was a negative correlation between body fat percentage and BMC,BMD(r=-0.30,-0.27,-0.25,-0.33,P<0.05,P<0.001).After correction of age,sex,BMI and 25OHD,multiple linear regression analysis was used to indicate that LBM was a strong predictor of BMC(regression coefficient=0.210,P=0.001).Conclusion In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,BMC and BMD increased significantly in patients with elevated BMC,and lean body weight was a strong influencing factor for BMI.
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Background:Nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux (nGER)is associated with severe complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD),such as esophagitis,esophageal stricture and Barrett's esophagus,and has certain effect on quality of life. Aims:To study the characteristics of nGER and its influencing factor in patients with GERD. Methods:GERD patients with typical reflux symptoms (heartburn or/ and regurgitation)and nGER confirmed by MII-pH monitoring were included. Effects of gender,age,BMI,DBI on nGER were analyzed. Results:In 130 patients with GERD,97 (74. 6%)had nGER. Of the 97 patients with nGER,only 18 (18. 6%)patients complained nocturnal heartburn or/ and regurgitation. During nocturnal period,female and elderly GERD patients had delayed bolus clearance time. Percentage of time with pH < 4 and acid reflux of GERD patients with BMI≥25 kg/ m2 were significantly higher than patients with normal BMI. Nocturnal acid reflux was much lower in patients with DBI≥2. 5 hours than patients with DBI < 2. 5 hours. The weakly acidic reflux could significantly decrease along with the getting longer of DBI. Conclusions:nGER is prevalent in GERD patients,and weakly acidic reflux is the leading type,however,only a small part of patients having nocturnal reflux symptom. The female and elderly GERD patients have delayed bolus clearance time during nocturnal period. BMI≥25 kg/m2 is associated with nGER. DBI≥2. 5 hours could significantly reduce acid reflux during nocturnal period. DBI should be as long as possible for reducing weakly acidic reflux.
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Objective To trace human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)labelled by USPIO-PLL which were transplanted into mouse subcutaneous xenotransplanted lung cancer by using 3.0T MR,to investigate the relationship between MSCs and VEGF expression and tumor angiogenesis by using SABC immunohistochemical method and to comprehensively analyze the effect of MSCs transplantation on lung cancer.Methods Cultured MSCs and poly lysine (PLL)was as a transfection agent which was magnetically labeled by USPIO and implanted into mice with subcutaneous xenotransplanted lung cancer through the tail vein.MRI was performed at pre-transplantation, 1 d and 10 d after transplantation and the tissues were performed by immunohistochemistry respectively.Results (1)MSCs could reach the tumor area at the first day after the transplantation and be monitored by MRI.MSCs increased at the 10th day.MRI signal intensity was reducedand the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).The inhibitory rate of the 1st day and 10th day was positive;(2)At the 10th day after the transplantation,the rate of the VEGF positive expression in MSCs group was 86.67％,the value of MVD was 44 .22 ± 12 .36 ,and the rate of the VEGF positive expression in NS group was 26 .67 ％ ,the value of MVD was 20 .29 ±8.47 (P <0.05).Conclusion Tracing stem cell transplantation in vivo can be proceeded effectively by using 3.0T MR.Stem cell has bidirectional effect on lung cancer which inhibites the tumor growth by directional chemotaxis and differentiation,and also enhances expression of VEGF and angiogenesis at a certain extent.
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Background:Nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux (nGER)is associated with severe complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD),such as esophagitis,esophageal stricture and Barrett's esophagus,and has certain effect on quality of life. Aims:To study the characteristics of nGER and its influencing factor in patients with GERD. Methods:GERD patients with typical reflux symptoms (heartburn or/ and regurgitation)and nGER confirmed by MII-pH monitoring were included. Effects of gender,age,BMI,DBI on nGER were analyzed. Results:In 130 patients with GERD,97 (74. 6%)had nGER. Of the 97 patients with nGER,only 18 (18. 6%)patients complained nocturnal heartburn or/ and regurgitation. During nocturnal period,female and elderly GERD patients had delayed bolus clearance time. Percentage of time with pH < 4 and acid reflux of GERD patients with BMI≥25 kg/ m2 were significantly higher than patients with normal BMI. Nocturnal acid reflux was much lower in patients with DBI≥2. 5 hours than patients with DBI < 2. 5 hours. The weakly acidic reflux could significantly decrease along with the getting longer of DBI. Conclusions:nGER is prevalent in GERD patients,and weakly acidic reflux is the leading type,however,only a small part of patients having nocturnal reflux symptom. The female and elderly GERD patients have delayed bolus clearance time during nocturnal period. BMI≥25 kg/m2 is associated with nGER. DBI≥2. 5 hours could significantly reduce acid reflux during nocturnal period. DBI should be as long as possible for reducing weakly acidic reflux.
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Objective:To assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension.Methods:A systematic electronic search was conducted in CNKI,Wanfang database,SinoMed,Pubmed and Embase.Literatures that reported the depressive symptoms status of type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension were included.All patients were divided into case group and control group,according to with or without hypertension.Meta-analysis was performed with Statal2.0 software after data extraction and the quality of studies assessment.Results:A total of 11 articles involving 8031 type 2 diabetic patients were included in the meta-analysis,including 4711 patients in case group and 3320 patients in control group.The pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms in case group was 43.5％ (95％ CI:26.1％-60.8％).The pooled prevalence of depressive symptoms in control group was 34.0％ (95％ CI:19.6％-48.5％).The pooled odds ratio was 1.32 (95％ CI:1.05-1.67,P ＜0.05).Conclusion:Hypertension increases the risk of developing depressive symptoms in type 2 diabetic patients.Therefore,medical staff should pay more attention to the mental health of this population.
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Objective To further investigate direct effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP4) on calcification and to identify responsible signaling pathways in human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMC). Methods The effect of DPP-4 on calcification of HVSMC was observed by alizarin red, and Western blot was used to detect whether DPP4 induced calcification-related protein expressions through extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway. Results The Alizarin red staining results showed that calcified nodules in DPP4 group were significantly increased as compared with control group, similar to calcification group.The protein expressions of osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) were stimulated by DPP4 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 was significantly increased after DPP4 incubation for 15 min (P<0.05). PD98059, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, significantly lowered DPP4-stimulated expressions of calcification-related proteins (P<0.05). Conclusion DPP4 may promote the calcification of HVSMC through ERK1/2 signaling pathways.
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OBJECTIVE:To develop a method for the concentration determination of olanzapine,risperidone and paliperidone in human plasma.METHODS:After liquid-liquid extraction,using buspirone hydrochloride as internal standard,the concentration of plasma sample was determined by UPLC-MS/MS.The determination was performed on ACQUITY UPLCTM BEH C18 column with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.01 mol/L ammonium formate solution (gradient elution) at flow rate of 0.2 mL/min.The column temperature was 45 ℃,and sample size was 5 μL.The electrospray ionization source was adopted for positive ion scanning under MRM mode.Ion-pairs for quantitative analysis were as follows:m/z 313.29→256.25 (olanzapine),m/z 411.42→191.19 (ris peridone),m/z 427.45→207.18 (paliperidone) and m/z 386.43→122.37 (internal standard).RESULTS:The linear ranges of olanzapine,risperidone and paliperidone were 0.426-108.954,0.213-54.476,0.213-54.476 ng/mL,respectively.RSDs of inter-day and intra-day were all lower than 20％.The recoveries of them ranged 83.3％-112.9％,90.0％-109.8％ and 95.2％-114.9％,respective ly.Extraction recoveries ranged 65.5％-95.0％,73.9％-98.5％ and 73.6％-99.4％,respectively.Both plasma matrix effect and dilute effect didn't influence the determination of plasma concentration.The plasma concentrations of olanzapine,risperidone and paliperidone in 100 schizophrenia patients were (103.3 ± 73.6),(13.1 ± 13.1) and (23.2 ± 20.0) ng/mL,respectively.CONCLU SIONS:The method is simple,rapid,sensitive and specific.It can be used for the determination of plasma concentration and pharmacodynamic study of olanzapine,risperidone and paliperidone.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of isoflurane anesthesia on Wnt3a expression in the hippocampus of developing rats.Methods Twenty-four 7-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 125-155 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),4 h inhalation of 2％ isoflurane group (group I4),and 6 h inhalation of 2％ isoflurane group (group I6).The rats were sacrificed at 6 h after the end of treatment in each group,and the hippocampi were removed for determination of Wnt3a mRNA expression (by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) and Wnt3a expression (by Western blot).Results Compared with group C,the expression of Wnt3a and Wnt3a mRNA in hippocampi was significantly up-regulated in I4 and I6 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group I4,the expression of Wnt3a in hippocampi was significantly up-regulated (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the expression of Wnt3a mRNA in hippocampi in group I6 (P＞0.05).Conclusion The mechanism of isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity is probably related to upregulation of Wnt3a expression in the hippocampal tissues of developing rats.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture plus ginger-partitioned moxibustion in treating sudden hearing loss. Method Sixty patients with sudden hearing loss were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 in each group. The treatment group was intervened by electroacupuncture plus ginger-partitioned moxibustion, while the control group was by electroacupuncture alone. The audiometry was conducted before and after intervention, and the therapeutic efficacy was also evaluated.Result Respectively after the first and second treatment course, the threshold of audibility was significantly changed in both groups (P<0.05); there were significant differences in comparing the threshold of audibility between the two groups (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 80.0% and 90.0% respectively after the first and second treatment course in the treatment group, versus 53.3% and 63.3% in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture plus ginger-partitioned moxibustion is an effective approach in treating sudden hearing loss.
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Objective To compare the clinical manifestations,renal histological lesions,and the levels of urinary protein markers between the children with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and those with IgM nephropathy (IgMN), and to determine whether urinary protein markers could predict the severity of renal histological lesions in children with IgAN and IgMN.Methods Seventy-four children with renal biopsy-proven IgAN and IgMN from January 2002 to October 2014 were enrolled in the study.The levels of IgG, albumin (Alb), transferrin (TRF), α1-microglobulin (α1-MG) ,β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG) in morning urine samples before biopsy were measured.The semi-quantitative scores of mesangial hypercellularity (MC), glomerulosclerosis (GS), and tubule-interstitial damage (TID) were used to assess renal histological lesions.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether urinary protein levels were independently associated with renal histological lesions.The area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the predictive ability of urinary protein markers.Results Seventy-four children (44 cases with IgAN,30 cases with IgMN) were included.The urinary levels of α1-MG and Alb were significantly higher in children with IgAN as compared to those with IgMN.The differences, however, did not remain significant after adjustment for age.The urine protein, as an independent factor associated with severe MC(＞ 5 mesangial cells per mesangial area) was TRF(B =0.010), and severe GS (≥ 10％ glomeruli showing segmental adhesion or sclerosis) was significantly correlated with Alb(B =0.001) ,and severe TID (focal or diffuse tubular and interstitial lesions) was significantly correlated with NAG(B =0.038).Urinary β2-MG was not significantly associated with severe MC, GS and TID.Urinary TRF, Alb and NAG achieved the best AUC of 0.85 (P ＜ 0.001) ,0.78 (P =0.002), and 0.78 (P =0.003), respectively, for predicting severe MC, GS, and TID.Conclusions Urinary proteins are useful to predict the severity of renal histological lesions in children with IgAN and IgMN.Urinary TRF, Alb and NAG have better predictive value.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, and epalrestat plus methylcobalamine on diabetic peripheral neuropathy, as compared with methylcobalamine. Methods A total of 444 subjects with diabetic neuropathy were enrolled in the study, and divided into methylcobalamine group ( n= 145 ) , epalrestat group ( n = 143 ) , and methylcobalamine combined with epalrestat group ( n = 156 ) . Therapeutic efficacay was assessed in terms of clinical symptoms and physical examinations by using Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument ( MNSI ) , and electrophysiological assessments. Results After 4 to 12-weeks′treatment, symptoms and signs of neuropathy ( using MNSI ) are significantly improved in the three groups ( P0. 05). Conclusion Epalrestat is effective and safe in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Furthermore, epalrestat is more efficacious in ameliorating symptoms and MNCV of neuropathy than methylcobalamine. However, while no improved efficacy is shown with the combined treatment.